The Bugzilla Guide - 2.16.11 Release Matthew P. Barnson The Bugzilla Team 2006-02-20 This is the documentation for Bugzilla, the mozilla.org bug-tracking system. Bugzilla is an enterprise-class piece of software that powers issue-tracking for hundreds of organizations around the world, tracking millions of bugs. This documentation is maintained in DocBook 4.1.2 XML format. Changes are best submitted as plain text or XML diffs, attached to a bug filed in mozilla.org's Bugzilla. The most current version of this document can always be found on the Bugzilla Documentation Page. _________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1. About This Guide 1.1. Copyright Information 1.2. Disclaimer 1.3. New Versions 1.4. Credits 1.5. Document Conventions 2. Introduction 2.1. What is Bugzilla? 2.2. Why Should We Use Bugzilla? 3. Using Bugzilla 3.1. How do I use Bugzilla? 3.2. Hints and Tips 3.3. User Preferences 4. Installation 4.1. Step-by-step Install 4.2. Optional Additional Configuration 4.3. Win32 Installation Notes 4.4. Mac OS X Installation Notes 4.5. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes 4.6. Troubleshooting 5. Administering Bugzilla 5.1. Bugzilla Configuration 5.2. User Administration 5.3. Product, Component, Milestone, and Version Administration 5.4. Voting 5.5. Groups and Group Security 5.6. Bugzilla Security 5.7. Template Customisation 5.8. Upgrading to New Releases 5.9. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools A. The Bugzilla FAQ B. The Bugzilla Database B.1. Database Schema Chart B.2. MySQL Bugzilla Database Introduction C. Useful Patches and Utilities for Bugzilla C.1. Apache mod_rewrite magic C.2. Command-line Bugzilla Queries D. Bugzilla Variants and Competitors D.1. Red Hat Bugzilla D.2. Loki Bugzilla (Fenris) D.3. Issuezilla D.4. Scarab D.5. Perforce SCM D.6. SourceForge E. GNU Free Documentation License 0. PREAMBLE 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 2. VERBATIM COPYING 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 4. MODIFICATIONS 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 8. TRANSLATION 9. TERMINATION 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE How to use this License for your documents Glossary List of Figures 3-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug 4-1. Other File::Temp error messages 4-2. Patch for File::Temp in Perl 5.6.0 List of Examples 4-1. Installing ActivePerl ppd Modules on Microsoft Windows 4-2. Installing OpenInteract ppd Modules manually on Microsoft Windows 4-3. Removing encrypt() for Windows NT Bugzilla version 2.12 or earlier _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 1. About This Guide 1.1. Copyright Information Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in Appendix E. --Copyright (c) 2000-2006 Matthew P. Barnson and The Bugzilla Team If you have any questions regarding this document, its copyright, or publishing this document in non-electronic form, please contact The Bugzilla Team. _________________________________________________________________ 1.2. Disclaimer No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples, and other content at your own risk. This document may contain errors and inaccuracies that may damage your system, cause your partner to leave you, your boss to fire you, your cats to pee on your furniture and clothing, and global thermonuclear war. Proceed with caution. All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements, with the exception of the term "GNU/Linux". We wholeheartedly endorse the use of GNU/Linux in every situation where it is appropriate. It is an extremely versatile, stable, and robust operating system that offers an ideal operating environment for Bugzilla. You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system before installing Bugzilla and at regular intervals thereafter. If you implement any suggestion in this Guide, implement this one! Although the Bugzilla development team has taken great care to ensure that all easily-exploitable bugs or options are documented or fixed in the code, security holes surely exist. Great care should be taken both in the installation and usage of this software. Carefully consider the implications of installing other network services with Bugzilla. The Bugzilla development team members, Netscape Communications, America Online Inc., and any affiliated developers or sponsors assume no liability for your use of this product. You have the source code to this product, and are responsible for auditing it yourself to ensure your security needs are met. _________________________________________________________________ 1.3. New Versions This is the 2.16.11 version of The Bugzilla Guide. It is so named to match the version of Bugzilla it is disributed with. If you are reading this from any source other than those below, please check one of these mirrors to make sure you are reading an up-to-date version of the Guide. The latest version of this guide can always be found at http://www.bugzilla.org, or checked out via CVS by following the Mozilla CVS instructions and check out the mozilla/webtools/bugzilla/docs/ subtree. However, you should read the version which came with the Bugzilla release you are using. The Bugzilla Guide, or a section of it, is also available in the following languages: French, German, Japanese. Note that these documents may be written for a different Bugzilla version. In addition, there are Bugzilla template localisation projects in the following languages. They may have translated documentation available: Arabic, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian and Spanish. If you would like to volunteer to translate the Guide into additional languages, please contact Dave Miller. _________________________________________________________________ 1.4. Credits The people listed below have made enormous contributions to the creation of this Guide, through their writing, dedicated hacking efforts, numerous e-mail and IRC support sessions, and overall excellent contribution to the Bugzilla community: Matthew P. Barnson for the Herculean task of pulling together the Bugzilla Guide and shepherding it to 2.14. Terry Weissman for initially writing Bugzilla and creating the README upon which the UNIX installation documentation is largely based. Tara Hernandez for keeping Bugzilla development going strong after Terry left mozilla.org and for running landfill. Dave Lawrence for providing insight into the key differences between Red Hat's customized Bugzilla, and being largely responsible for Section D.1. Dawn Endico for being a hacker extraordinaire and putting up with Matthew's incessant questions and arguments on irc.mozilla.org in #mozwebtools Jacob Steenhagen for taking over documentation during the 2.17 development period and backporting relevent docs changes to this 2.16 branch. Dave Miller for taking over as project lead when Tara stepped down and continually pusing to have relevant changes pushed back to this 2.16 branch of the documentation. Last but not least, all the members of the news://news.mozilla.org/netscape/public/mozilla/webtools newsgroup. Without your discussions, insight, suggestions, and patches, this could never have happened. Thanks also go to the following people for significant contributions to this documentation (in alphabetical order): Vlad Dascalu, Andrew Pearson, Ben FrantzDale, Eric Hanson, Gervase Markham, Joe Robins, Kevin Brannen, Ron Teitelbaum, Shane Travis, Spencer Smith, Zach Liption . _________________________________________________________________ 1.5. Document Conventions This document uses the following conventions: Descriptions Appearance Use caution Caution Don't run with scissors! Hint Tip Would you like a breath mint? Notes Note Dear John... Warnings Warning Read this or the cat gets it. File Names filename Directory Names directory Commands to be typed command Applications Names application Prompt of users command under bash shell bash$ Prompt of root users command under bash shell bash# Prompt of user command under tcsh shell tcsh$ Environment Variables VARIABLE Emphasized word word Term found in the glossary Bugzilla Code Example Beginning and end of paragraph _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 2. Introduction 2.1. What is Bugzilla? Bugzilla is a bug- or issue-tracking system. Bug-tracking systems allow individual or groups of developers effectively to keep track of outstanding problems with their product. Bugzilla was originally written by Terry Weissman in a programming language called TCL, to replace a rudimentary bug-tracking database used internally by Netscape Communications. Terry later ported Bugzilla to Perl from TCL, and in Perl it remains to this day. Most commercial defect-tracking software vendors at the time charged enormous licensing fees, and Bugzilla quickly became a favorite of the open-source crowd (with its genesis in the open-source browser project, Mozilla). It is now the de-facto standard defect-tracking system against which all others are measured. Bugzilla boasts many advanced features. These include: * Powerful searching * User-configurable email notifications of bug changes * Full change history * Inter-bug dependency tracking and graphing * Excellent attachment management * Integrated, product-based, granular security schema * Fully security-audited, and runs under Perl's taint mode * A robust, stable RDBMS back-end * Web, XML, email and console interfaces * Completely customisable and/or localisable web user interface * Extensive configurability * Smooth upgrade pathway between versions _________________________________________________________________ 2.2. Why Should We Use Bugzilla? For many years, defect-tracking software has remained principally the domain of large software development houses. Even then, most shops never bothered with bug-tracking software, and instead simply relied on shared lists and email to monitor the status of defects. This procedure is error-prone and tends to cause those bugs judged least significant by developers to be dropped or ignored. These days, many companies are finding that integrated defect-tracking systems reduce downtime, increase productivity, and raise customer satisfaction with their systems. Along with full disclosure, an open bug-tracker allows manufacturers to keep in touch with their clients and resellers, to communicate about problems effectively throughout the data management chain. Many corporations have also discovered that defect-tracking helps reduce costs by providing IT support accountability, telephone support knowledge bases, and a common, well-understood system for accounting for unusual system or software issues. But why should you use Bugzilla? Bugzilla is very adaptable to various situations. Known uses currently include IT support queues, Systems Administration deployment management, chip design and development problem tracking (both pre-and-post fabrication), and software and hardware bug tracking for luminaries such as Redhat, NASA, Linux-Mandrake, and VA Systems. Combined with systems such as CVS, Bonsai, or Perforce SCM, Bugzilla provides a powerful, easy-to-use solution to configuration management and replication problems. Bugzilla can dramatically increase the productivity and accountability of individual employees by providing a documented workflow and positive feedback for good performance. How many times do you wake up in the morning, remembering that you were supposed to do something today, but you just can't quite remember? Put it in Bugzilla, and you have a record of it from which you can extrapolate milestones, predict product versions for integration, and follow the discussion trail that led to critical decisions. Ultimately, Bugzilla puts the power in your hands to improve your value to your employer or business while providing a usable framework for your natural attention to detail and knowledge store to flourish. _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3. Using Bugzilla 3.1. How do I use Bugzilla? This section contains information for end-users of Bugzilla. There is a Bugzilla test installation, called Landfill, which you are welcome to play with (if it's up). However, not all of the Bugzilla installations there will necessarily have all Bugzilla features enabled, and different installations run different versions, so some things may not quite work as this document describes. _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.1. Create a Bugzilla Account If you want to use Bugzilla, first you need to create an account. Consult with the administrator responsible for your installation of Bugzilla for the URL you should use to access it. If you're test-driving Bugzilla, use this URL: http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-2.16.11/ 1. Click the "Open a new Bugzilla account" link, enter your email address and, optionally, your name in the spaces provided, then click "Create Account" . 2. Within moments, you should receive an email to the address you provided above, which contains your login name (generally the same as the email address), and a password you can use to access your account. This password is randomly generated, and can be changed to something more memorable. 3. Click the "Log In" link in the yellow area at the bottom of the page in your browser, enter your email address and password into the spaces provided, and click "Login". You are now logged in. Bugzilla uses cookies for authentication so, unless your IP address changes, you should not have to log in again. _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.2. Anatomy of a Bug The core of Bugzilla is the screen which displays a particular bug. It's a good place to explain some Bugzilla concepts. Bug 1 on Landfill is a good example. Note that the labels for most fields are hyperlinks; clicking them will take you to context-sensitive help on that particular field. Fields marked * may not be present on every installation of Bugzilla. 1. Product and Component: Bugs are divided up by Product and Component, with a Product having one or more Components in it. For example, bugzilla.mozilla.org's "Bugzilla" Product is composed of several Components: Administration: Administration of a Bugzilla installation. Bugzilla-General: Anything that doesn't fit in the other components, or spans multiple components. Creating/Changing Bugs: Creating, changing, and viewing bugs. Documentation: The Bugzilla documentation, including The Bugzilla Guide. Email: Anything to do with email sent by Bugzilla. Installation: The installation process of Bugzilla. Query/Buglist: Anything to do with searching for bugs and viewing the buglists. Reporting/Charting: Getting reports from Bugzilla. User Accounts: Anything about managing a user account from the user's perspective. Saved queries, creating accounts, changing passwords, logging in, etc. User Interface: General issues having to do with the user interface cosmetics (not functionality) including cosmetic issues, HTML templates, etc. 2. Status and Resolution: These define exactly what state the bug is in - from not even being confirmed as a bug, through to being fixed and the fix confirmed by Quality Assurance. The different possible values for Status and Resolution on your installation should be documented in the context-sensitive help for those items. 3. Assigned To: The person responsible for fixing the bug. 4. *URL: A URL associated with the bug, if any. 5. Summary: A one-sentence summary of the problem. 6. *Status Whiteboard: (a.k.a. Whiteboard) A free-form text area for adding short notes and tags to a bug. 7. *Keywords: The administrator can define keywords which you can use to tag and categorise bugs - e.g. The Mozilla Project has keywords like crash and regression. 8. Platform and OS: These indicate the computing environment where the bug was found. 9. Version: The "Version" field is usually used for versions of a product which have been released, and is set to indicate which versions of a Component have the particular problem the bug report is about. 10. Priority: The bug assignee uses this field to prioritise his or her bugs. It's a good idea not to change this on other people's bugs. 11. Severity: This indicates how severe the problem is - from blocker ("application unusable") to trivial ("minor cosmetic issue"). You can also use this field to indicate whether a bug is an enhancement request. 12. *Target: (a.k.a. Target Milestone) A future version by which the bug is to be fixed. e.g. The Bugzilla Project's milestones for future Bugzilla versions are 2.18, 2.20, 3.0, etc. Milestones are not restricted to numbers, thought - you can use any text strings, such as dates. 13. Reporter: The person who filed the bug. 14. CC list: A list of people who get mail when the bug changes. 15. Attachments: You can attach files (e.g. testcases or patches) to bugs. If there are any attachments, they are listed in this section. 16. *Dependencies: If this bug cannot be fixed unless other bugs are fixed (depends on), or this bug stops other bugs being fixed (blocks), their numbers are recorded here. 17. *Votes: Whether this bug has any votes. 18. Additional Comments: You can add your two cents to the bug discussion here, if you have something worthwhile to say. _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.3. Life Cycle of a Bug The life cycle, also known as work flow, of a bug is currently hardcoded into Bugzilla. Figure 3-1 contains a graphical repsentation of this life cycle. If you wish customize this image for your site, the diagram file is available in Dia's native XML format. Figure 3-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug [bzLifecycle.png] _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.4. Searching for Bugs The Bugzilla Search page is is the interface where you can find any bug report, comment, or patch currently in the Bugzilla system. You can play with it here: http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-2.16.11/query.cgi . The Search page has controls for selecting different possible values for all of the fields in a bug, as described above. Once you've defined a search, you can either run it, or save it as a Remembered Query, which can optionally appear in the footer of your pages. Highly advanced querying is done using Boolean Charts, which have their own context-sensitive help . _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.5. Bug Lists If you run a search, a list of matching bugs will be returned. The default search is to return all open bugs on the system - don't try running this search on a Bugzilla installation with a lot of bugs! The format of the list is configurable. For example, it can be sorted by clicking the column headings. Other useful features can be accessed using the links at the bottom of the list: Long Format: this gives you a large page with a non-editable summary of the fields of each bug. Change Columns: change the bug attributes which appear in the list. Change several bugs at once: If your account is sufficiently empowered, you can make the same change to all the bugs in the list - for example, changing their owner. Send mail to bug owners: Sends mail to the owners of all bugs on the list. Edit this query: If you didn't get exactly the results you were looking for, you can return to the Query page through this link and make small revisions to the query you just made so you get more accurate results. _________________________________________________________________ 3.1.6. Filing Bugs Years of bug writing experience has been distilled for your reading pleasure into the Bug Writing Guidelines. While some of the advice is Mozilla-specific, the basic principles of reporting Reproducible, Specific bugs, isolating the Product you are using, the Version of the Product, the Component which failed, the Hardware Platform, and Operating System you were using at the time of the failure go a long way toward ensuring accurate, responsible fixes for the bug that bit you. The procedure for filing a test bug is as follows: 1. Go to Landfill in your browser and click Enter a new bug report. 2. Select a product - any one will do. 3. Fill in the fields. Bugzilla should have made reasonable guesses, based upon your browser, for the "Platform" and "OS" drop-down boxes. If they are wrong, change them. 4. Select "Commit" and send in your bug report. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2. Hints and Tips This section distills some Bugzilla tips and best practices that have been developed. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.1. Autolinkification Bugzilla comments are plain text - so posting HTML will result in literal HTML tags rather than being interpreted by a browser. However, Bugzilla will automatically make hyperlinks out of certain sorts of text in comments. For example, the text http://www.bugzilla.org will be turned into http://www.bugzilla.org. Other strings which get linkified in the obvious manner are: bug 12345 bug 23456, comment 53 attachment 4321 mailto:george@example.com george@example.com ftp://ftp.mozilla.org Most other sorts of URL A corollary here is that if you type a bug number in a comment, you should put the word "bug" before it, so it gets autolinkified for the convenience of others. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.2. Quicksearch Quicksearch is a single-text-box query tool which uses metacharacters to indicate what is to be searched. For example, typing "foo|bar" into Quicksearch would search for "foo" or "bar" in the summary and status whiteboard of a bug; adding ":BazProduct" would search only in that product. You'll find the Quicksearch box on Bugzilla's front page, along with a Help link which details how to use it. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.3. Comments If you are changing the fields on a bug, only comment if either you have something pertinent to say, or Bugzilla requires it. Otherwise, you may spam people unnecessarily with bug mail. To take an example: a user can set up their account to filter out messages where someone just adds themselves to the CC field of a bug (which happens a lot.) If you come along, add yourself to the CC field, and add a comment saying "Adding self to CC", then that person gets a pointless piece of mail they would otherwise have avoided. Don't use sigs in comments. Signing your name ("Bill") is acceptable, particularly if you do it out of habit, but full mail/news-style four line ASCII art creations are not. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.4. Attachments Use attachments, rather than comments, for large chunks of ASCII data, such as trace, debugging output files, or log files. That way, it doesn't bloat the bug for everyone who wants to read it, and cause people to receive fat, useless mails. Trim screenshots. There's no need to show the whole screen if you are pointing out a single-pixel problem. Don't attach simple test cases (e.g. one HTML file, one CSS file and an image) as a ZIP file. Instead, upload them in reverse order and edit the referring file so that they point to the attached files. This way, the test case works immediately out of the bug. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.5. Dependency Tree On the "Dependency tree" page linked from each bug page, you can see the dependency relationship from the bug as a tree structure. You can change how much depth to show, and you can hide resolved bugs from this page. _________________________________________________________________ 3.2.6. Filing Bugs Try to make sure that everything said in the summary is also said in the first comment. Summaries are often updated and this will ensure your original information is easily accessible. You do not need to put "any" or similar strings in the URL field. If there is no specific URL associated with the bug, leave this field blank. If you feel a bug you filed was incorrectly marked as a DUPLICATE of another, please question it in your bug, not the bug it was duped to. Feel free to CC the person who duped it if they are not already CCed. _________________________________________________________________ 3.3. User Preferences Once you have logged in, you can customise various aspects of Bugzilla via the "Edit prefs" link in the page footer. The preferences are split into four tabs: _________________________________________________________________ 3.3.1. Account Settings On this tab, you can change your basic account information, including your password, email address and real name. For security reasons, in order to change anything on this page you must type your current password into the "Password" field at the top of the page. If you attempt to change your email address, a confirmation email is sent to both the old and new addresses, with a link to use to confirm the change. This helps to prevent account hijacking. _________________________________________________________________ 3.3.2. Email Settings This tab controls the amount of email Bugzilla sends you. The first item on this page is marked "Users to watch". When you enter one or more comma-delineated user accounts (usually email addresses) into the text entry box, you will receive a copy of all the bugmail those users are sent (security settings permitting). This powerful functionality enables seamless transitions as developers change projects or users go on holiday. Note The ability to watch other users may not be available in all Bugzilla installations. If you don't see this feature, and feel that you need it, speak to your administrator. The "Field/recipient specific options" table allows you to determine how much mail Bugzilla sends you. The rows of the table define events that can happen to a bug -- things like attachments being added, new comments being made, the priority changing, etc. The columns in the table define your relationship with the bug: * Reporter - Where you are the person who initially reported the bug. Your name/account appears in the "Reporter:" field. * Assignee - Where you are the person who has been designated as the one responsible for the bug. Your name/account appears in the "Assigned To:" field of the bug. * QA Contact - You are one of the designated QA Contacts for the bug. Your account appears in the "QA Contact:" text-box of the bug. * CC - You are on the list CC List for the bug. Your account appears in the "CC:" text box of the bug. * Voter - You have placed one or more votes for the bug. Your account appears only if someone clicks on the "Show votes for this bug" link on the bug. Note Some columns may not be visible for your installation, depending on your site's configuration. To fine-tune your bugmail, decide the events for which you want to receive bugmail; then decide if you want to receive it all the time (enable the checkbox for every column), or only when you have a certain relationship with a bug (enable the checkbox only for those columns). For example: if you didn't want to receive mail when someone added themselves to the CC list, you could uncheck all the boxes in the "CC Field Changes" line. As another example, if you never wanted to receive email on bugs you reported unless the bug was resolved, you would un-check all boxes in the "Reporter" column except for the one on the "The bug is resolved or verified" row. If you want to receive the maximum amount of email possible, check every box in every column. if you don't want to receive any email from Bugzilla at all, ensure that every box in this table is un-checked. Note Your Bugzilla administrator can stop a user from receiving bugmail by adding the user's name to the data/nomail file. This is a drastic step best taken only for disabled accounts, as it overrides the user's individual mail preferences. Note Bugzilla adds the "X-Bugzilla-Reason" header to all bugmail it sends, describing the recipient's relationship (AssignedTo, Reporter, QAContact, CC, or Voter) to the bug. This header can be used to do further client-side filtering. By default, Bugzilla sends out email regardless of who made the change... even if you were the one responsible for generating the email in the first place. If you don't care to receive bugmail from your own changes, check the box marked "Only email me reports of changes made by other people". _________________________________________________________________ 3.3.3. Page Footer On the Search page, you can store queries in Bugzilla, so if you regularly run a particular query it is just a drop-down menu away. Once you have a stored query, you can come here to request that it also be displayed in your page footer. _________________________________________________________________ 3.3.4. Permissions This is a purely informative page which outlines your current permissions on this installation of Bugzilla - what product groups you are in, and whether you can edit bugs or perform various administration functions. _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4. Installation 4.1. Step-by-step Install 4.1.1. Introduction Please note that Bugzilla 2.16.x will become unsupported with the release of Bugzilla 2.22. If you're installing Bugzilla for the first time, please consider a newer stable version. Stable versions of Bugzilla can be found at http://www.bugzilla.org/ Bugzilla has been successfully installed under Solaris, Linux, and Win32. Win32 is not yet officially supported, but many people have got it working fine. Please see the Win32 Installation Notes for further advice on getting Bugzilla to work on Microsoft Windows. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.2. Package List Note If you are running the very most recent version of Perl and MySQL (both the executables and development libraries) on your system, you can skip these manual installation steps for the Perl modules by using Bundle::Bugzilla; see Using Bundle::Bugzilla instead of manually installing Perl modules. The software packages necessary for the proper running of Bugzilla (with download links) are: 1. MySQL database server (3.22.5 or greater. Note that versions of Bugzilla prior to 2.20RC1 do not work with MySQL 5.0.12 or higher. If you intend to install Bugzilla using MySQL 5.x as your back-end, please use a more current release of Bugzilla). 2. Perl (5.005 or greater, 5.6.1 is recommended if you wish to use Bundle::Bugzilla) 3. Perl Modules (minimum version): a. Template (v2.07) b. AppConfig (v1.52) c. Text::Wrap (v2001.0131) d. File::Spec (v0.8.2) e. Data::Dumper (any) f. DBD::mysql (v1.2209) g. DBI (v1.13) h. Date::Parse (any) i. CGI::Carp (any) and, optionally: a. GD (v1.19) for bug charting b. Chart::Base (v0.99c) for bug charting c. XML::Parser (any) for the XML interface d. MIME::Parser (any) for the email interface 4. The web server of your choice. Apache is highly recommended. 5. At least version 8.7 of Sendmail, or any Sendmail-compatible MTA congruent with this version or higher. Note Windows users will have to see the Win32 Installation Notes for one alternative to Sendmail for Windows. Warning It is a good idea, while installing Bugzilla, to ensure that there is some kind of firewall between you and the rest of the Internet, because your machine may be insecure for periods during the install. Many installation steps require an active Internet connection to complete, but you must take care to ensure that at no point is your machine vulnerable to an attack. Note Linux-Mandrake 8.0 includes every required and optional library for Bugzilla. The easiest way to install them is by using the urpmi utility. If you follow these commands, you should have everything you need for Bugzilla, and checksetup.pl should not complain about any missing libraries. You may already have some of these installed. bash# urpmi perl-mysql bash# urpmi perl-chart bash# urpmi perl-gd bash# urpmi perl-MailTools (for Bugzilla email integration) bash# urpmi apache-modules _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.3. MySQL Visit the MySQL homepage at www.mysql.com to grab and install the latest stable 4.x release of MySQL. Note that versions of Bugzilla prior to 2.20RC1 do not work with MySQL 5.0.12 or higher. If you intend to install Bugzilla using MySQL 5.x as your back-end, please use a more current release of Bugzilla). Note Many of the binary versions of MySQL store their data files in /var. On some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition, and may not have room for your bug database. You can set the data directory as an option to configure if you build MySQL from source yourself. If you install from something other than an RPM or Debian package, you will need to add mysqld to your init scripts so the server daemon will come back up whenever your machine reboots. Further discussion of UNIX init sequences are beyond the scope of this guide. By default, MySQL will only accept packets up to 64Kb in size. If you want to have attachments larger than this, you will need to modify your /etc/my.cnf as below. If you are using MySQL 4.0 or newer, enter: [mysqld] # Allow packets up to 1M max_allowed_packet=1M If you are using an older version of MySQL, enter: [mysqld] # Allow packets up to 1M set-variable = max_allowed_packet=1M There is also a parameter in Bugzilla called 'maxattachmentsize' (default = 1000 Kb) that controls the maximum allowable attachment size. Attachments larger than either the 'max_allowed_packet' or 'maxattachmentsize' value will not be accepted by Bugzilla. If you plan on running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same machine, consider using the --skip-networking option in the init script. This enhances security by preventing network access to MySQL. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.4. Perl Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed. Perl can be got in source form from perl.com for the rare *nix systems which don't have it. Although Bugzilla runs with all post-5.005 versions of Perl, it's a good idea to be up to the very latest version if you can when running Bugzilla. As of this writing, that is Perl version 5.6.1. Tip You can skip the following Perl module installation steps by installing Bundle::Bugzilla from CPAN, which installs all required modules for you. bash# perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Bundle::Bugzilla"' Bundle::Bugzilla doesn't include GD, Chart::Base, or MIME::Parser, which are not essential to a basic Bugzilla install. If installing this bundle fails, you should install each module individually to isolate the problem. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5. Perl Modules All Perl modules can be found on the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). The CPAN servers have a real tendency to bog down, so please use mirrors. Quality, general Perl module installation instructions can be found on the CPAN website, but the easy thing to do is to just use the CPAN shell which does all the hard work for you. To use the CPAN shell to install a module: bash# perl -MCPAN -e 'install ""' To do it the hard way: Untar the module tarball -- it should create its own directory CD to the directory just created, and enter the following commands: 1. bash# perl Makefile.PL 2. bash# make 3. bash# make test 4. bash# make install Warning Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for them. Most times, the error messages complain that they are missing a file in "@INC". Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the necessary Perl development libraries installed on your system. Consult your local UNIX systems administrator for help solving these permissions issues; if you are the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list for further assistance or hire someone to help you out. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.1. DBI The DBI module is a generic Perl module used the MySQL-related modules. As long as your Perl installation was done correctly the DBI module should be a breeze. It's a mixed Perl/C module, but Perl's MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation greatly. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.2. Data::Dumper The Data::Dumper module provides data structure persistence for Perl (similar to Java's serialization). It comes with later sub-releases of Perl 5.004, but a re-installation just to be sure it's available won't hurt anything. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.3. MySQL-related modules The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent Perl modules. These modules are grouped together into the Msql-Mysql-modules package. The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the desired compilation target and your MySQL installation. For most of the questions the provided default will be adequate, but when asked if your desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages, you should select the MySQL related ones. Later you will be asked if you wish to provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you should answer YES to this question. The default is NO. A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test' with a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run tests on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.4. TimeDate modules Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl modules have been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL modules bundle. This bundle is stored on the CPAN under the name TimeDate. The component module we're most interested in is the Date::Format module, but installing all of them is probably a good idea anyway. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.5. GD (optional) The GD library was written by Thomas Boutell a long while ago to programatically generate images in C. Since then it's become the defacto standard for programatic image construction. The Perl bindings to it found in the GD library are used on millions of web pages to generate graphs on the fly. That's what Bugzilla will be using it for so you must install it if you want any of the graphing to work. Note The Perl GD library requires some other libraries that may or may not be installed on your system, including libpng and libgd. The full requirements are listed in the Perl GD library README. If compiling GD fails, it's probably because you're missing a required library. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.6. Chart::Base (optional) The Chart module provides Bugzilla with on-the-fly charting abilities. It can be installed in the usual fashion after it has been fetched from CPAN. Note that earlier versions that 0.99c used GIFs, which are no longer supported by the latest versions of GD. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.5.7. Template Toolkit When you install Template Toolkit, you'll get asked various questions about features to enable. The defaults are fine, except that it is recommended you use the high speed XS Stash of the Template Toolkit, in order to achieve best performance. However, there are known problems with XS Stash and Perl 5.005_02 and lower. If you wish to use these older versions of Perl, please use the regular stash. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.6. HTTP Server You have a freedom of choice here - Apache, Netscape or any other server on UNIX would do. You can run the web server on a different machine than MySQL, but need to adjust the MySQL "bugs" user permissions accordingly. Note We strongly recommend Apache as the web server to use. The Bugzilla Guide installation instructions, in general, assume you are using Apache. If you have got Bugzilla working using another webserver, please share your experiences with us. You'll want to make sure that your web server will run any file with the .cgi extension as a CGI and not just display it. If you're using Apache that means uncommenting the following line in the httpd.conf file: AddHandler cgi-script .cgi With Apache you'll also want to make sure that within the httpd.conf file the line: Options ExecCGI AllowOverride Limit is in the stanza that covers the directories into which you intend to put the bugzilla .html and .cgi files. Note AllowOverride Limit allows the use of a Deny statement in the .htaccess file generated by checksetup.pl Users of older versions of Apache may find the above lines in the srm.conf and access.conf files, respectively. Warning There are important files and directories that should not be a served by the HTTP server - most files in the "data" and "shadow" directories and the "localconfig" file. You should configure your HTTP server to not serve these files. Failure to do so will expose critical passwords and other data. Please see .htaccess files and security for details on how to do this for Apache; the checksetup.pl script should create appropriate .htaccess files for you. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.7. Bugzilla You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that you're willing to make writable by the default web server user (probably "nobody"). You may decide to put the files in the main web space for your web server or perhaps in /usr/local with a symbolic link in the web space that points to the Bugzilla directory. Tip If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's HTML heirarchy, you may receive Forbidden errors unless you add the "FollowSymLinks" directive to the entry for the HTML root in httpd.conf. Add index.cgi to the end of the DirectoryIndex line. Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that directory writable by your webserver's user. This is a temporary step until you run the post-install checksetup.pl script, which locks down your installation. Lastly, you'll need to set up a symbolic link to /usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl for the correct location of your Perl executable (probably /usr/bin/perl). Otherwise you must hack all the .cgi files to change where they look for Perl. This can be done using the following Perl one-liner, but I suggest using the symlink approach to avoid upgrade hassles. perl -pi -e 's@#\!/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl@#\!/usr/bin/perl@' *cgi *pl Bug.pm processmail syncshadowdb Change /usr/bin/perl to match the location of Perl on your machine. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.8. Setting Up the MySQL Database After you've gotten all the software installed and working you're ready to start preparing the database for its life as the back end to a high quality bug tracker. First, you'll want to fix MySQL permissions to allow access from Bugzilla. For the purpose of this Installation section, the Bugzilla username will be "bugs", and will have minimal permissions. Begin by giving the MySQL root user a password. MySQL passwords are limited to 16 characters. bash# mysql -u root mysql mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('') WHERE user='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; From this point on, if you need to access MySQL as the MySQL root user, you will need to use mysql -u root -p and enter . Remember that MySQL user names have nothing to do with Unix user names (login names). Next, we use an SQL GRANT command to create a "bugs" user, and grant sufficient permissions for checksetup.pl, which we'll use later, to work its magic. This also restricts the "bugs" user to operations within a database called "bugs", and only allows the account to connect from "localhost". Modify it to reflect your setup if you will be connecting from another machine or as a different user. Remember to set to some unique password. If you are using MySQL 4.x or newer, enter: mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, LOCK TABLES, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '$db_pass'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; If you are using an older version of MySQL, the LOCK TABLES and CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES permissions will be unavailable and should be removed from the permissions list. In this case, the following command line can be used: mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '$db_pass'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.9. checksetup.pl Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script. (Many thanks to Holger Schurig for writing this script!) This script is designed to make sure your MySQL database and other configuration options are consistent with the Bugzilla CGI files. It will make sure Bugzilla files and directories have reasonable permissions, set up the data directory, and create all the MySQL tables. At this point, you need to su to root. You should remain as root until the end of the install. Then run: bash# ./checksetup.pl The first time you run it, it will create a file called localconfig. This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak including how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database. The connection settings include: 1. server's host: just use "localhost" if the MySQL server is local 2. database name: "bugs" if you're following these directions 3. MySQL username: "bugs" if you're following these directions 4. Password for the "bugs" MySQL account; () above Once you are happy with the settings, re-run checksetup.pl. On this second run, it will create the database and an administrator account for which you will be prompted to provide information. Note The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run it at any time without causing harm. You should run it after any upgrade to Bugzilla. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.10. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its user authentication and for other tasks. On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will suffice. Sendmail, Postfix, qmail and Exim are examples of common MTAs. Sendmail is the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to configure, and therefore many people replace Sendmail with Postfix or Exim. They are drop-in replacements, so that Bugzilla will not distinguish between them. Consult the manual for the specific MTA you choose for detailed installation instructions. Each of these programs will have their own configuration files where you must configure certain parameters to ensure that the mail is delivered properly. They are implemented as services, and you should ensure that the MTA is in the auto-start list of services for the machine. If a simple mail sent with the command-line 'mail' program succeeds, then Bugzilla should also be fine. _________________________________________________________________ 4.1.11. Configuring Bugzilla You should run through the parameters on the Edit Parameters page (link in the footer) and set them all to appropriate values. They key parameters are documented in Section 5.1. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2. Optional Additional Configuration 4.2.1. Dependency Charts As well as the text-based dependency graphs, Bugzilla also supports dependency graphing, using a package called 'dot'. Exactly how this works is controlled by the 'webdotbase' parameter, which can have one of three values: 1. A complete file path to the command 'dot' (part of GraphViz) will generate the graphs locally 2. A URL prefix pointing to an installation of the webdot package will generate the graphs remotely 3. A blank value will disable dependency graphing. So, to get this working, install GraphViz. If you do that, you need to enable server-side image maps in Apache. Alternatively, you could set up a webdot server, or use the AT&T public webdot server (the default for the webdotbase param). Note that AT&T's server won't work if Bugzilla is only accessible using HTTPS. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.2. Bug Graphs As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules you might as well turn on the nifty Bugzilla bug reporting graphs. Add a cron entry like this to run collectstats.pl daily at 5 after midnight: bash# crontab -e 5 0 * * * cd ; ./collectstats.pl After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from the Bug Reports page. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.3. The Whining Cron By now you have a fully functional Bugzilla, but what good are bugs if they're not annoying? To help make those bugs more annoying you can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at engineers which leave their bugs in the NEW state without triaging them. This can be done by adding the following command as a daily crontab entry (for help on that see that crontab man page): cd ; ./whineatnews.pl Tip Depending on your system, crontab may have several manpages. The following command should lead you to the most useful page for this purpose: man 5 crontab _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.4. LDAP Authentication Warning This information on using the LDAP authentication options with Bugzilla is old, and the authors do not know of anyone who has tested it. Approach with caution. The existing authentication scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the primary user ID, and a password to authenticate that user. All places within Bugzilla where you need to deal with user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather than replacing it. The initial log in is done with a username and password for the LDAP directory. This then fetches the email address from LDAP and authenticates seamlessly in the standard Bugzilla authentication scheme using this email address. If an account for this address already exists in your Bugzilla system, it will log in to that account. If no account for that email address exists, one is created at the time of login. (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the "displayName" or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.) After authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled by email address, not LDAP username. You still assign bugs by email address, query on users by email address, etc. Using LDAP for Bugzilla authentication requires the Mozilla::LDAP (aka PerLDAP) Perl module. The Mozilla::LDAP module in turn requires Netscape's Directory SDK for C. After you have installed the SDK, then install the PerLDAP module. Mozilla::LDAP and the Directory SDK for C are both available for download from mozilla.org. Set the Param 'useLDAP' to "On" **only** if you will be using an LDAP directory for authentication. Be very careful when setting up this parameter; if you set LDAP authentication, but do not have a valid LDAP directory set up, you will not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. (If this happens, you can get back in by manually editing the data/params file, and setting useLDAP back to 0.) If using LDAP, you must set the three additional parameters: Set LDAPserver to the name (and optionally port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it defaults to the default port of 389. (e.g "ldap.mycompany.com" or "ldap.mycompany.com:1234") Set LDAPBaseDN to the base DN for searching for users in your LDAP directory. (e.g. "ou=People,o=MyCompany") uids must be unique under the DN specified here. Set LDAPmailattribute to the name of the attribute in your LDAP directory which contains the primary email address. On most directory servers available, this is "mail", but you may need to change this. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.5. Preventing untrusted Bugzilla content from executing malicious Javascript code It is possible for a Bugzilla to execute malicious Javascript code. Due to internationalization concerns, we are unable to incorporate the code changes necessary to fulfill the CERT advisory requirements mentioned in http://www.cet.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3. Executing the following code snippet from a UNIX command shell will rectify the problem if your Bugzilla installation is intended for an English-speaking audience. As always, be sure your Bugzilla installation has a good backup before making changes, and I recommend you understand what the script is doing before executing it. bash# perl -pi -e "s/Content-Type\: text\/html/Content-Type\: text\/html\; char set=ISO-8859-1/i" *.cgi *.pl All this one-liner command does is search for all instances of "Content-type: text/html" and replaces it with "Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" . This specification prevents possible Javascript attacks on the browser, and is suggested for all English-speaking sites. For non-English-speaking Bugzilla sites, I suggest changing "ISO-8859-1", above, to "UTF-8". Note: using tags to set the charset is not recommended, as there's a bug in Netscape 4.x which causes pages marked up in this way to load twice. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.6. .htaccess files and security To enhance the security of your Bugzilla installation, Bugzilla's checksetup.pl script will generate .htaccess files which the Apache webserver can use to restrict access to the bugzilla data files. These .htaccess files will not work with Apache 1.2.x - but this has security holes, so you shouldn't be using it anyway. Note If you are using an alternate provider of webdot services for graphing (as described when viewing editparams.cgi in your web browser), you will need to change the ip address in data/webdot/.htaccess to the ip address of the webdot server that you are using. The default .htaccess file may not provide adequate access restrictions, depending on your web server configuration. Be sure to check the entries for your Bugzilla directory so that the .htaccess file is allowed to override web server defaults. For instance, let's assume your installation of Bugzilla is installed to /usr/local/bugzilla . You should have this entry in your httpd.conf file: Options +FollowSymLinks +Indexes +Includes +ExecCGI AllowOverride All The important part above is "AllowOverride All" . Without that, the .htaccess file created by checksetup.pl will not have sufficient permissions to protect your Bugzilla installation. If you are using Internet Information Server (IIS) or another web server which does not observe .htaccess conventions, you can disable their creation by editing localconfig and setting the $create_htaccess variable to 0. _________________________________________________________________ 4.2.7. mod_throttle and Security It is possible for a user, by mistake or on purpose, to access the database many times in a row which can result in very slow access speeds for other users. If your Bugzilla installation is experiencing this problem , you may install the Apache module mod_throttle which can limit connections by ip-address. You may download this module at http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/ Follow the instructions to install into your Apache install. This module only functions with the Apache web server! You may use the ThrottleClientIP command provided by this module to accomplish this goal. See the Module Instructions for more information. _________________________________________________________________ 4.3. Win32 Installation Notes This section covers installation on Microsoft Windows. Bugzilla has been made to work on Win32 platforms, but the Bugzilla team wish to emphasise that The easiest way to install Bugzilla on Intel-archiecture machines is to install some variant of GNU/Linux, then follow the UNIX installation instructions in this Guide. If you have any influence in the platform choice for running this system, please choose GNU/Linux instead of Microsoft Windows. Warning After that warning, here's the situation for 2.16 and Windows. It doesn't work at all out of the box. You are almost certainly better off getting the 2.17 version from CVS (after consultation with the Bugzilla Team to make sure you are pulling on a stable day) because we'll be doing a load of work to make the Win32 experience more pleasant than it is now. If you still want to try this, to have any hope of getting it to work, you'll need to apply the mail patch from bug 124174. After that, you'll need to read the (outdated) installation instructions below, some (probably a lot better) more recent ones kindly provided by Toms Baugis and Jean-Sebastien Guay, and also check the Bugzilla 2.16 Win32 update page . If we get time, we'll write some better installation instructions for 2.16 and put them up there. But no promises. _________________________________________________________________ 4.3.1. Win32 Installation: Step-by-step Note You should be familiar with, and cross-reference, the rest of the Bugzilla Installation section while performing your Win32 installation. Making Bugzilla work on Microsoft Windows is no picnic. Support for Win32 has improved dramatically in the last few releases, but, if you choose to proceed, you should be a very skilled Windows Systems Administrator with strong troubleshooting abilities, a high tolerance for pain, and moderate perl skills. Bugzilla on NT requires hacking source code and implementing some advanced utilities. What follows is the recommended installation procedure for Win32; additional suggestions are provided in Appendix A . 1. Install Apache Web Server for Windows, and copy the Bugzilla files somewhere Apache can serve them. Please follow all the instructions referenced in Bugzilla Installation regarding your Apache configuration, particularly instructions regarding the "AddHandler" parameter and "ExecCGI" . Note You may also use Internet Information Server or Personal Web Server for this purpose. However, setup is quite different. If ActivePerl doesn't seem to handle your file associations correctly (for .cgi and .pl files), please consult Appendix A . If you are going to use IIS, if on Windows NT you must be updated to at least Service Pack 4. Windows 2000 ships with a sufficient version of IIS. 2. Install ActivePerl for Windows. Check http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl for a current compiled binary. Please also check the following links to fully understand the status of ActivePerl on Win32: Perl Porting , and Perl on Win32 FAQ 3. Use ppm from your perl\bin directory to install the following packs: DBI, DBD-Mysql, TimeDate, Chart, Date-Calc, Date-Manip, GD, AppConfig, and Template. You may need to extract them from .zip format using Winzip or other unzip program first. Most of these additional ppm modules can be downloaded from ActiveState, but AppConfig and Template should be obtained from OpenInteract using the instructions on the Template Toolkit web site . Note You can find a list of modules at http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/5xx-builds-only/ or http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus The syntax for ppm is: C:> ppm install Example 4-1. Installing ActivePerl ppd Modules on Microsoft Windows ppm repository add oi http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/ppmpackages ppm install DBD-mysql ppm install Template-Toolkit ppm install TimeDate Watch your capitalization! ActiveState's 5.6Plus directory also contains an AppConfig ppm, so you might see the following error when trying to install the version at OpenInteract: Error installing package 'AppConfig': Read a PPD for 'AppConfig', but it is not intended for this build of Perl (MSWin32-x86-multi-thread) If so, download both the tarball and the ppd directly from OpenInteract, then run ppm from within the same directory to which you downloaded those files and install the package by referencing the ppd file explicitly via in the install command, f.e.: Example 4-2. Installing OpenInteract ppd Modules manually on Microsoft Windows install C:\AppConfig.ppd 4. Install MySQL for NT. Note You can download MySQL for Windows NT from MySQL.com . Some find it helpful to use the WinMySqlAdmin utility, included with the download, to set up the database. 5. Setup MySQL a. C:> C:\mysql\bin\mysql -u root mysql b. mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE Host='localhost' AND User=''; c. mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD ('new_password') WHERE user='root'; "new_password" , above, indicates whatever password you wish to use for your "root" user. d. mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.* to bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password'; "bugs_password" , above, indicates whatever password you wish to use for your "bugs" user. e. mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; f. mysql> create database bugs; g. mysql> exit; h. C:> C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root -p reload 6. Edit checksetup.pl in your Bugzilla directory. Change this line: my $webservergid = getgrnam($my_webservergroup); to my $webservergid = $my_webservergroup; or the name of the group you wish to own the files explicitly: my $webservergid = 'Administrators' 7. Run checksetup.pl from the Bugzilla directory. 8. Edit localconfig to suit your requirements. Set $db_pass to your "bugs_password" from step 5.d , and $webservergroup to "8" . Note Not sure on the "8" for $webservergroup above. If it's wrong, please send corrections. 9. Edit defparams.pl to suit your requirements. Particularly, set DefParam("maintainer") and DefParam("urlbase") to match your install. Note This is yet another step I'm not sure of, since the maintainer of this documentation does not maintain Bugzilla on NT. If you can confirm or deny that this step is required, please let me know. 10. Note There are several alternatives to Sendmail that will work on Win32. The one mentioned here is a suggestion , not a requirement. Some other mail packages that can work include BLAT , Windmail , Mercury Sendmail , and the CPAN Net::SMTP Perl module (available in .ppm). Every option requires some hacking of the Perl scripts for Bugzilla to make it work. The option here simply requires the least. 1. Download NTsendmail, available from www.ntsendmail.com . You must have a "real" mail server which allows you to relay off it in your $ENV{"NTsendmail"} (which you should probably place in globals.pl) 2. Put ntsendmail.pm into your .\perl\lib directory. 3. Add to globals.pl: # these settings configure the NTsendmail process use NTsendmail; $ENV{"NTsendmail"}="your.smtpserver.box"; $ENV{"NTsendmail_debug"}=1; $ENV{"NTsendmail_max_tries"}=5; Note Some mention to also edit $db_pass in globals.pl to be your "bugs_password" . Although this may get you around some problem authenticating to your database, since globals.pl is not normally restricted by .htaccess , your database password is exposed to whoever uses your web server. 4. Find and comment out all occurrences of " open(SENDMAIL " in your Bugzilla directory. Then replace them with: # new sendmail functionality my $mail=new NTsendmail; my $from="bugzilla\@your.machine.name.tld"; my $to=$login; my $subject=$urlbase; $mail->send($from,$to,$subject,$msg); Note Some have found success using the commercial product, Windmail . You could try replacing your sendmail calls with: open SENDMAIL, "|\"C:/General/Web/tools/Windmail 4.0 Beta/windmail\" -t > mail.log"; or something to that effect. 11. Change all references in all files from processmail to processmail.pl , and rename processmail to processmail.pl . Note Many think this may be a change we want to make for main-tree Bugzilla. It's painless for the UNIX folks, and will make the Win32 people happier. Note Some people have suggested using the Net::SMTP Perl module instead of NTsendmail or the other options listed here. You can change processmail.pl to make this work. my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new(''); #connect to SMTP ser ver $smtp->mail('@');# use the sender's adress here $smtp->to($tolist); # recipient's address $smtp->data(); # Start the mail $smtp->datasend($msg); $smtp->dataend(); # Finish sending the mail $smtp->quit; # Close the SMTP connection $logstr = "$logstr; mail sent to $tolist $cclist"; } here is a test mail program for Net::SMTP: use Net::SMTP; my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new(' 30, Debug => 1, ); # connect to SMTP server $smtp->auth; $smtp->mail('you@yourcompany.com');# use the sender's adress here $smtp->to('someotherAddress@someotherdomain.com'); # recipient's address $smtp->data(); # Start the mail $smtp->datasend('test'); $smtp->dataend(); # Finish sending the mail $smtp->quit; # Close the SMTP connection exit; 12. Note This step is optional if you are using IIS or another web server which only decides on an interpreter based upon the file extension (.pl), rather than the "shebang" line (#/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl) Modify the path to perl on the first line (#!) of all files to point to your Perl installation, and add "perl" to the beginning of all Perl system calls that use a perl script as an argument. This may take you a while. There is a "setperl.csh" utility to speed part of this procedure, available in the Useful Patches and Utilities for Bugzilla section of The Bugzilla Guide. However, it requires the Cygwin GNU-compatible environment for Win32 be set up in order to work. See http://www.cygwin.com/ for details on obtaining Cygwin. 13. Modify the invocation of all system() calls in all perl scripts in your Bugzilla directory. You should specify the full path to perl for each system() call. For instance, change this line in processmail: system ("./processmail",@ARGLIST); to system ("C:\\perl\\bin\\perl", "processmail", @ARGLIST); 14. Add binmode() calls so attachments will work ( bug 62000 ). Because Microsoft Windows based systems handle binary files different than Unix based systems, you need to add the following lines to createattachment.cgi and showattachment.cgi before the require 'CGI.pl'; line. binmode(STDIN); binmode(STDOUT); Note According to bug 62000 , the perl documentation says that you should always use binmode() when dealing with binary files, but never when dealing with text files. That seems to suggest that rather than arbitrarily putting binmode() at the beginning of the attachment files, there should be logic to determine if binmode() is needed or not. Tip If you are using IIS or Personal Web Server, you must add cgi relationships to Properties -> Home directory (tab) -> Application Settings (section) -> Configuration (button), such as: .cgi to: \perl.exe %s %s .pl to: \perl.exe %s %s GET,HEAD,POST Change the path to Perl to match your install, of course. _________________________________________________________________ 4.3.2. Additional Windows Tips Tip From Andrew Pearson: You can make Bugzilla work with Personal Web Server for Windows 98 and higher, as well as for IIS 4.0. Microsoft has information available at http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q231/9/98.ASP Basically you need to add two String Keys in the registry at the following location: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W3SVC\Paramete rs\ScriptMap The keys should be called ".pl" and ".cgi", and both should have a value something like: c:/perl/bin/perl.exe "%s" "%s" The KB article only talks about .pl, but it goes into more detail and provides a perl test script. Tip If attempting to run Bugzilla 2.12 or older, you will need to remove encrypt() calls from the Perl source. This is not necessary for Bugzilla 2.13 and later, which includes the current release, Bugzilla 2.16.11. Example 4-3. Removing encrypt() for Windows NT Bugzilla version 2.12 or earlier Replace this: SendSQL("SELECT encrypt(" . SqlQuote($enteredpwd) . ", " . SQLQuote(substr($realcryptpwd, 0, 2)) . ")"); my $enteredcryptpwd = FetchOneColumn(); with this: my $enteredcryptpwd = $enteredpwd in cgi.pl. _________________________________________________________________ 4.4. Mac OS X Installation Notes 4.4.1. Sendmail In Mac OS X 10.3 and later, Postfix is used as the built-in email server. Postfix provides an executable that mimics sendmail enough to fool Bugzilla, as long as Bugzilla can find it. The substitute Sendmail executable is located at /usr/sbin/sendmail, while Bugzilla expects the executable to be located at /usr/lib/sendmail. Rather than copying the sendmail executable, a symbolic link can be used. To create the symbolic link, launch the Terminal application and execute the following command: [localhost:~] sudo ln -s /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail (1) Enter Password: ******** (1) You must be logged in as administrator to run this command. Enter your password if prompted. The other change to be made involves turning on the sendmailnow Bugzilla parameter, which is described in Section 5.1. _________________________________________________________________ 4.4.2. Libraries & Perl Modules on Mac OS X There are a lot of common libraries and utilities out there that Apple did not include with Mac OS X, but which run perfectly well on it. The GD library, which Bugzilla needs to do bug graphs, is one of these. The easiest way to get a lot of these is with a program called Fink, which is similar in nature to the CPAN installer, but installs common GNU utilities. Fink is available from . Follow the instructions for setting up Fink. Once it's installed, you'll want to run the following as root: fink install gd It will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit enter to install all of the dependencies. Then watch it work. To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple installs by default, Fink creates its own directory tree at /sw where it installs most of the software that it installs. This means your libraries and headers for libgd will be at /sw/lib and /sw/include instead of /usr/lib and /usr/local/include. Because of these changed locations for the libraries, the Perl GD module will not install directly via CPAN, because it looks for the specific paths instead of getting them from your environment. But there's a way around that :-) Instead of typing "install GD" at the cpan> prompt, type look GD. This should go through the motions of downloading the latest version of the GD module, then it will open a shell and drop you into the build directory. Apply this patch to the Makefile.PL file (save the patch into a file and use the command patch < patchfile.) Then, run these commands to finish the installation of the GD module: perl Makefile.PL make make test make install And don't forget to run exit to get back to CPAN. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes 4.5.1. Introduction If you are running a *NIX OS as non-root, either due to lack of access (web hosts, for example) or for security reasons, this will detail how to install Bugzilla on such a setup. It is recommended that you read through the Bugzilla Installation first to get an idea on the installation steps required. (These notes will reference to steps in that guide.) _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.2. MySQL You may have MySQL installed as root. If you're setting up an account with a web host, a MySQL account needs to be set up for you. From there, you can create the bugs account, or use the account given to you. Warning You may have problems trying to set up GRANT permissions to the database. If you're using a web host, chances are that you have a separate database which is already locked down (or one big database with limited/no access to the other areas), but you may want to ask your system administrator what the security settings are set to, and/or run the GRANT command for you. Also, you will probably not be able to change the MySQL root user password (for obvious reasons), so skip that step. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.2.1. Running MySQL as Non-Root 4.5.2.1.1. The Custom Configuration Method Create a file .my.cnf in your home directory (using /home/foo in this example) as follows.... [mysqld] datadir=/home/foo/mymysql socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock port=8081 [mysql] socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock port=8081 [mysql.server] user=mysql basedir=/var/lib [safe_mysqld] err-log=/home/foo/mymysql/the.log pid-file=/home/foo/mymysql/the.pid _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.2.1.2. The Custom Built Method You can install MySQL as a not-root, if you really need to. Build it with PREFIX set to /home/foo/mysql, or use pre-installed executables, specifying that you want to put all of the data files in /home/foo/mysql/data. If there is another MySQL server running on the system that you do not own, use the -P option to specify a TCP port that is not in use. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.2.1.3. Starting the Server After your mysqld program is built and any .my.cnf file is in place, you must initialize the databases (ONCE). bash$ mysql_install_db Then start the daemon with bash$ safe_mysql & After you start mysqld the first time, you then connect to it as "root" and GRANT permissions to other users. (Again, the MySQL root account has nothing to do with the *NIX root account.) Note You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if needed. Warning Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on which you are a user! _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.3. Perl On the extremely rare chance that you don't have Perl on the machine, you will have to build the sources yourself. The following commands should get your system installed with your own personal version of Perl: bash$ wget http://perl.com/CPAN/src/stable.tar.gz bash$ tar zvxf stable.tar.gz bash$ cd perl-5.8.1 (or whatever the version of Perl is called) bash$ sh Configure -de -Dprefix=/home/foo/perl bash$ make && make test && make install Once you have Perl installed into a directory (probably in ~/perl/bin), you'll have to change the locations on the scripts, which is detailed later on this page. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.4. Perl Modules Installing the Perl modules as a non-root user is probably the hardest part of the process. There are two different methods: a completely independant Perl with its own modules, or personal modules using the current (root installed) version of Perl. The independant method takes up quite a bit of disk space, but is less complex, while the mixed method only uses as much space as the modules themselves, but takes more work to setup. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.4.1. The Independant Method The independant method requires that you install your own personal version of Perl, as detailed in the previous section. Once installed, you can start the CPAN shell with the following command: bash$ /home/foo/perl/bin/perl -MCPAN -e 'shell' And then: cpan> install Bundle::Bugzilla With this method, module installation will usually go a lot smoother, but if you have any hang-ups, you can consult the next section. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.4.2. The Mixed Method First, you'll need to configure CPAN to install modules in your home directory. The CPAN FAQ says the following on this issue: 5) I am not root, how can I install a module in a personal directory? You will most probably like something like this: o conf makepl_arg "LIB=~/myperl/lib \ INSTALLMAN1DIR=~/myperl/man/man1 \ INSTALLMAN3DIR=~/myperl/man/man3" install Sybase::Sybperl You can make this setting permanent like all "o conf" settings with "o conf commit". You will have to add ~/myperl/man to the MANPATH environment variable and a lso tell your Perl programs to look into ~/myperl/lib, e.g. by including use lib "$ENV{HOME}/myperl/lib"; or setting the PERL5LIB environment variable. Another thing you should bear in mind is that the UNINST parameter should n ever be set if you are not root. So, you will need to create a Perl directory in your home directory, as well as the lib, man, man/man1, and man/man3 directories in that Perl directory. Set the MANPATH variable and PERL5LIB variable, so that the installation of the modules goes smoother. (Setting UNINST=0 in your "make install" options, on the CPAN first-time configuration, is also a good idea.) After that, go into the CPAN shell: bash$ perl -MCPAN -e 'shell' From there, you will need to type in the above "o conf" command and commit the changes. Then you can run through the installation: cpan> install Bundle::Bugzilla Most of the module installation process should go smoothly. However, you may have some problems with Template. When you first start, you will want to try to install Template with the XS Stash options on. If this doesn't work, it may spit out C compiler error messages and croak back to the CPAN shell prompt. So, redo the install, and turn it off. (In fact, say no to all of the Template questions.) It may also start failing on a few of the tests. If the total tests passed is a reasonable figure (90+%), force the install with the following command: cpan> force install Template You may also want to install the other optional modules: cpan> install GD cpan> install Chart::Base cpan> install MIME::Parser _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.5. HTTP Server Ideally, this also needs to be installed as root and run under a special webserver account. As long as the web server will allow the running of *.cgi files outside of a cgi-bin, and a way of denying web access to certain files (such as a .htaccess file), you should be good in this department. _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.5.1. Running Apache as Non-Root You can run Apache as a non-root user, but the port will need to be set to one above 1024. If you type httpd -V, you will get a list of the variables that your system copy of httpd uses. One of those, namely HTTPD_ROOT, tells you where that installation looks for its config information. From there, you can copy the config files to your own home directory to start editing. When you edit those and then use the -d option to override the HTTPD_ROOT compiled into the web server, you get control of your own customized web server. Note You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if needed. Warning Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on which you are a user! _________________________________________________________________ 4.5.6. Bugzilla Since you probably can't set up a symbolic link to /usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl as a non-root user, you will need to hack the scripts to point to the right Perl: perl -pi -e 's@#\!/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl@#\!/usr/bin/perl@' *cgi *pl Bug.pm processmail syncshadowdb Change /usr/bin/perl to match the location of Perl on your machine. If you had to install Perl as non-root, this would be the location in your home directory. Note Version 2.17+ of Bugzilla now already has the scripts pointing to /usr/bin/perl. Of course, the scripts will not work if they don't know the location of your newly install Perl modules, so you will have to hack the scripts to look for those, too: perl -pi -e 's@use strict\;@use strict\; use lib \"/home/foo/perl/lib\"\;@' *cgi *pl Bug.pm processmail syncshadowdb Change /home/foo/perl/lib to your personal Perl library directory. You can probably skip this step if you are using the independant method of Perl module installation. When you run ./checksetup.pl to create the localconfig file, it will list the Perl modules it finds. If one is missing, go back and double-check the module installation from the CPAN shell, then delete the localconfig file and try again. Warning The one option in localconfig you might have problems with is the web server group. If you can't successfully browse to the index.cgi (like a Forbidden error), you may have to relax your permissions, and blank out the web server group. Of course, this may pose as a security risk. Having a properly jailed shell and/or limited access to shell accounts may lessen the security risk, but use at your own risk. _________________________________________________________________ 4.6. Troubleshooting This section gives solutions to common Bugzilla installation problems. _________________________________________________________________ 4.6.1. Bundle::Bugzilla makes me upgrade to Perl 5.6.1 Try executing perl -MCPAN -e 'install CPAN' and then continuing. Certain older versions of the CPAN toolset were somewhat naive about how to upgrade Perl modules. When a couple of modules got rolled into the core Perl distribution for 5.6.1, CPAN thought that the best way to get those modules up to date was to haul down the Perl distribution itself and build it. Needless to say, this has caused headaches for just about everybody. Upgrading to a newer version of CPAN with the commandline above should fix things. _________________________________________________________________ 4.6.2. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed The following error message may appear due to a bug in DBD::mysql (over which the Bugzilla team have no control): DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed: Cannot determine NUM_OF_FIELDS at D:/Perl/site /lib/DBD/mysql.pm line 248. SV = NULL(0x0) at 0x20fc444 REFCNT = 1 FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY) To fix this, go to /lib/DBD/sponge.pm in your Perl installation and replace my $numFields; if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) { $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}; } elsif ($attribs->{'NAME'}) { $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAME}}; by my $numFields; if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) { $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}; } elsif ($attribs->{'NAMES'}) { $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAMES}}; (note the S added to NAME.) _________________________________________________________________ 4.6.3. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue) If you are installing Bugzilla on SuSE Linux, or some other distributions with "paranoid" security options, it is possible that the checksetup.pl script may fail with the error: cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied This is because your /var/spool/mqueue directory has a mode of "drwx------". Type chmod 755 /var/spool/mqueue as root to fix this problem. _________________________________________________________________ 4.6.4. Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT This is caused by a bug in the version of File::Temp that is distributed with perl 5.6.0. Many minor variations of this error have been reported. Examples can be found in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1. Other File::Temp error messages Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT, used at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 208. Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_EXLOCK, used at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 210. Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_TEMPORARY, used at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 233. Numerous people have reported that upgrading to version 5.6.1 or higher solved the problem for them. A less involved fix is to apply the patch in Figure 4-2. The patch is also available as a patch file. Figure 4-2. Patch for File::Temp in Perl 5.6.0 --- File/Temp.pm.orig Thu Feb 6 16:26:00 2003 +++ File/Temp.pm Thu Feb 6 16:26:23 2003 @@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ # eg CGI::Carp local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {}; local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {}; + local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {}; $bit = &$func(); 1; }; @@ -226,6 +227,7 @@ # eg CGI::Carp local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {}; local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {}; + local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {}; $bit = &$func(); 1; }; _________________________________________________________________ Chapter 5. Administering Bugzilla 5.1. Bugzilla Configuration Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed from the "Edit parameters" link in the page footer. Here are some of the key parameters on that page. You should run down this list and set them appropriately after installing Bugzilla. maintainer The maintainer parameter is the email address of the person responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla installation. The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla account. urlbase This parameter defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path to your Bugzilla installation. For example, if your Bugzilla query page is http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi, set your "urlbase" to http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/. usebuggroups This dictates whether or not to implement group-based security for Bugzilla. If set, Bugzilla bugs can have an associated 'group', defining which users are allowed to see and edit the bug. Set "usebuggroups" to "on" only if you may wish to restrict access to particular bugs to certain groups of users. I suggest leaving this parameter off while initially testing your Bugzilla. For more information see Section 5.5. usebuggroupsentry Bugzilla Products can have a group associated with them, so that certain users can only see bugs in certain products. When this parameter is set to "on", this places all newly-created bugs in the group for their product immediately. shadowdb You run into an interesting problem when Bugzilla reaches a high level of continuous activity. MySQL supports only table-level write locking. What this means is that if someone needs to make a change to a bug, they will lock the entire table until the operation is complete. Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is complete. Note that more recent versions of mysql support row level locking using different table types. These types are slower than the standard type, and Bugzilla does not yet take advantage of features such as transactions which would justify this speed decrease. The Bugzilla team are, however, happy to hear about any experiences with row level locking and Bugzilla. The "shadowdb" parameter was designed to get around this limitation. While only a single user is allowed to write to a table at a time, reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the database. Although your database size will double, a shadow database can cause an enormous performance improvement when implemented on extremely high-traffic Bugzilla databases. As a guide, on reasonably old hardware, mozilla.org began needing "shadowdb" when they reached around 40,000 Bugzilla users with several hundred Bugzilla bug changes and comments per day. The value of the parameter defines the name of the shadow bug database. Set "shadowdb" to e.g. "bug_shadowdb" if you will be running a *very* large installation of Bugzilla. Note Enabling "shadowdb" can adversely affect the stability of your installation of Bugzilla. You should regularly check that your database is in sync. It is often advisable to force a shadow database sync nightly via "cron". If you use the "shadowdb" option, it is only natural that you should turn the "queryagainstshadowdb" option on as well. Otherwise you are replicating data into a shadow database for no reason! shutdownhtml If you need to shut down Bugzilla to perform administration, enter some descriptive text (with embedded HTML codes, if you'd like) into this box. Anyone who tries to use Bugzilla (including admins) will receive a page displaying this text. Users can neither log in nor log out while shutdownhtml is enabled. Note Although regular log-in capability is disabled while 'shutdownhtml' is enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate admin who loses connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you, go directly to the editparams.cgi (by typing the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing this will prompt you to log in, and your name/password will be accepted here (but nowhere else). passwordmail Every time a user creates an account, the text of this parameter (with substitutions) is sent to the new user along with their password message. Add any text you wish to the "passwordmail" parameter box. For instance, many people choose to use this box to give a quick training blurb about how to use Bugzilla at your site. movebugs This option is an undocumented feature to allow moving bugs between separate Bugzilla installations. You will need to understand the source code in order to use this feature. Please consult movebugs.pl in your Bugzilla source tree for further documentation, such as it is. useqacontact This allows you to define an email address for each component, in addition to that of the default owner, who will be sent carbon copies of incoming bugs. usestatuswhiteboard This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait in common. whinedays Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go in the NEW or REOPENED state before notifying people they have untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature, simply do not set up the whining cron job described in the installation instructions, or set this value to "0" (never whine). commenton* All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass without comment, and which must have a comment from the person who changed them. Often, administrators will allow users to add themselves to the CC list, accept bugs, or change the Status Whiteboard without adding a comment as to their reasons for the change, yet require that most other changes come with an explanation. Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It is a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or reopen bugs at the very least. Note It is generally far better to require a developer comment when resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug database users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without any comment as to what the fix was (or even that it was truly fixed!) supportwatchers Turning on this option allows users to ask to receive copies of bug mail sent to another user. Watching a user with different group permissions is not a way to 'get around' the system; copied emails are still subject to the normal groupset permissions of a bug, and "watchers" will only be copied on emails from bugs they would normally be allowed to view. sendmailnow When Bugzilla is using Sendmail older than 8.12, turning this option off will improve performance by not waiting for Sendmail to actually send mail. If Sendmail 8.12 or later is being used, there is nothing to gain by turning this off. If another MTA is being used, such as Postfix, then this option *must* be turned on (even if you are using the fake sendmail executable that Postfix provides). _________________________________________________________________ 5.2. User Administration 5.2.1. Creating the Default User When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it will prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and password for this "super user". If for some reason you delete the "super user" account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt you for this username and password. Tip If you wish to add more administrative users, you must use the MySQL interface. Run "mysql" from the command line, and use these commands: mysql> use bugs; mysql> update profiles set groupset=0x7fffffffffffffff where login_name = "(user's login name)"; Yes, that is fifteen "f" 's. A whole lot of f-ing going on if you want to create a new administator. _________________________________________________________________ 5.2.2. Managing Other Users 5.2.2.1. Creating new users Your users can create their own user accounts by clicking the "New Account" link at the bottom of each page (assuming they aren't logged in as someone else already.) However, should you desire to create user accounts ahead of time, here is how you do it. 1. After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of the query page, and then click "Add a new user". 2. Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory. When done, click "Submit". Note Adding a user this way will not send an email informing them of their username and password. While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers which shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is preferable to log out and use the "New Account" button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the required fields and also notify the user of her account name and password. _________________________________________________________________ 5.2.2.2. Modifying Users To see a specific user, search for their login name in the box provided on the "Edit Users" page. To see all users, leave the box blank. You can search in different ways the listbox to the right of the text entry box. You can match by case-insensitive substring (the default), regular expression, or a reverse regular expression match, which finds every user name which does NOT match the regular expression. (Please see the man regexp manual page for details on regular expression syntax.) Once you have found your user, you can change the following fields: * Login Name: This is generally the user's full email address. However, if you have are using the emailsuffix Param, this may just be the user's login name. Note that users can now change their login names themselves (to any valid email address.) * Real Name: The user's real name. Note that Bugzilla does not require this to create an account. * Password: You can change the user's password here. Users can automatically request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this often. If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below. * Disable Text: If you type anything in this box, including just a space, the user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to bugs via the web interface. The HTML you type in this box is presented to the user when they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain why the account was disabled. Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive mail from Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able to log in themselves to change their own preferences and stop it. If you want an account (disabled or active) to stop receiving mail, add the account name (one account per line) to the file data/nomail. Note Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still submit bugs via the e-mail gateway, if one exists. The e-mail gateway should not be enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla. Warning Don't disable all the administrator accounts! * : If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive", then checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or remove them from, these groups. * canconfirm: This field is only used if you have enabled the "unconfirmed" status. If you enable this for a user, that user can then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed" status (e.g.: "New" status). * creategroups: This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups in Bugzilla. * editbugs: Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs. * editcomponents: This flag allows a user to create new products and components, as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs associated with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with it, those bugs must be moved to a different product or component before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed. * editkeywords: If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always, the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it to die. * editusers: This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now: edit other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to themselves. Enable with care. * tweakparams: This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params (using editparams.cgi.) * : This allows an administrator to specify the products in which a user can see bugs. The user must still have the "editbugs" privilege to edit bugs in these products. _________________________________________________________________ 5.3. Product, Component, Milestone, and Version Administration 5.3.1. Products Products are the broadest category in Bugzilla, and tend to represent real-world shipping products. E.g. if your company makes computer games, you should have one product per game, perhaps a "Common" product for units of technology used in multiple games, and maybe a few special products (Website, Administration...) Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product basis. The number of "votes" available to users is set per-product, as is the number of votes required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED status to the NEW status. To create a new product: 1. Select "products" from the footer 2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right 3. Enter the name of the product and a description. The Description field may contain HTML. Don't worry about the "Closed for bug entry", "Maximum Votes per person", "Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug", "Number of votes a bug in this Product needs to automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state", and "Version" options yet. We'll cover those in a few moments. _________________________________________________________________ 5.3.2. Components Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game you are designing may have a "UI" component, an "API" component, a "Sound System" component, and a "Plugins" component, each overseen by a different programmer. It often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according to the natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or company. Each component has a owner and (if you turned it on in the parameters), a QA Contact. The owner should be the primary person who fixes bugs in that component. The QA Contact should be the person who will ensure these bugs are completely fixed. The Owner, QA Contact, and Reporter will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when these bugs change. Default Owner and Default QA Contact fields only dictate the default assignments; these can be changed on bug submission, or at any later point in a bug's life. To create a new Component: 1. Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product" page 2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right. 3. Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description", the "Initial Owner" and "Initial QA Contact" (if enabled.) The Component and Description fields may contain HTML; the "Initial Owner" field must be a login name already existing in the database. _________________________________________________________________ 5.3.3. Versions Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders 3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select field; the usual practice is to select the most recent version with the bug. To create and edit Versions: 1. From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions" 2. You will notice that the product already has the default version "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right. 3. Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. Then click the "Add" button. _________________________________________________________________ 5.3.4. Milestones Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it would be assigned the milestone of 3.0. Note Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned on the "usetargetmilestone" Param in the "Edit Parameters" screen. To create new Milestones, set Default Milestones, and set Milestone URL: 1. Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page. 2. Select "Add" in the bottom right corner. text 3. Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You can optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative number (-255 to 255) that defines where in the list this particular milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be after "Release 1.2". Select "Add". 4. From the Edit product screen, you can enter the URL of a page which gives information about your milestones and what they mean. Tip If you want your milestone document to be restricted so that it can only be viewed by people in a particular Bugzilla group, the best way is to attach the document to a bug in that group, and make the URL the URL of that attachment. _________________________________________________________________ 5.4. Voting Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. This allows developers to gauge user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to "NEW", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage. To modify Voting settings: 1. Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you wish to modify 2. Maximum Votes per person: Setting this field to "0" disables voting. 3. Maximum Votes a person can put on a single bug": It should probably be some number lower than the "Maximum votes per person". Don't set this field to "0" if "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't make any sense. 4. Number of votes a bug in this product needs to automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state: Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic move of bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW. 5. Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click "Update". _________________________________________________________________ 5.5. Groups and Group Security Groups allow the administrator to isolate bugs or products that should only be seen by certain people. There are two types of group - Generic Groups, and Product-Based Groups. Product-Based Groups are matched with products, and allow you to restrict access to bugs on a per-product basis. They are enabled using the usebuggroups Param. Turning on the usebuggroupsentry Param will mean bugs automatically get added to their product group when filed. Generic Groups have no special relationship to products; you create them, and put bugs in them as required. One example of the use of Generic Groups is Mozilla's "Security" group, into which security-sensitive bugs are placed until fixed. Only the Mozilla Security Team are members of this group. To create Generic Groups: 1. Select the "groups" link in the footer. 2. Take a moment to understand the instructions on the "Edit Groups" screen, then select the "Add Group" link. 3. Fill out the "New Name", "New Description", and "New User RegExp" fields. "New User RegExp" allows you to automatically place all users who fulfill the Regular Expression into the new group. When you have finished, click "Add". To use Product-Based Groups: 1. Turn on "usebuggroups" and "usebuggroupsentry" in the "Edit Parameters" screen. Warning XXX is this still true? "usebuggroupsentry" has the capacity to prevent the administrative user from directly altering bugs because of conflicting group permissions. If you plan on using "usebuggroupsentry", you should plan on restricting administrative account usage to administrative duties only. In other words, manage bugs with an unpriveleged user account, and manage users, groups, Products, etc. with the administrative account. 2. In future, when you create a Product, a matching group will be automatically created. If you need to add a Product Group to a Product which was created before you turned on usebuggroups, then simply create a new group, as outlined above, with the same name as the Product. Warning Bugzilla currently has a limit of 64 groups per installation. If you have more than about 50 products, you should consider running multiple Bugzillas. Ask in the newsgroup for other suggestions for working around this restriction. Note that group permissions are such that you need to be a member of all the groups a bug is in, for whatever reason, to see that bug. Note By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and by everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List can be overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding the section that starts with "Users in the roles selected below..." and un-checking the box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both). _________________________________________________________________ 5.6. Bugzilla Security Warning Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind your firewall. 80% of all computer trespassers are insiders, not anonymous crackers. Note These instructions must, of necessity, be somewhat vague since Bugzilla runs on so many different platforms. If you have refinements of these directions, please submit a bug to Bugzilla. Warning This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of every possible security issue regarding the tools mentioned in this section. There is no subsitute for reading the information written by the authors of any software running on your system. _________________________________________________________________ 5.6.1. TCP/IP Ports TCP/IP defines 65,000 some ports for trafic. Of those, Bugzilla only needs 1... 2 if you need to use features that require e-mail such as bug moving or the e-mail interface from contrib. You should audit your server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports you don't need to be. You may also wish to use some kind of firewall software to be sure that trafic can only be recieved on ports you specify. _________________________________________________________________ 5.6.2. MySQL MySQL ships by default with many settings that should be changed. By defaults it allows anybody to connect from localhost without a password and have full administrative capabilities. It also defaults to not have a root password (this is not the same as the system root). Also, many installations default to running mysqld as the system root. 1. Make sure you are running at least version 3.22.32 of MySQL as earlier versions had notable security holes. 2. Consult the documentation that came with your system for information on making mysqld run as an unprivileged user. 3. You should also be sure to disable the anonymous user account and set a password for the root user. This is accomplished using the following commands: bash$ mysql mysql mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ''; mysql> UPDATE user SET password = password('new_password') WHERE user = 'root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; From this point forward you will need to use mysql -u root -p and enter new_password when prompted when using the mysql client. 4. If you run MySQL on the same machine as your httpd server, you should consider disabling networking from within MySQL by adding the following to your /etc/my.cnf: [myslqd] # Prevent network access to MySQL. skip-networking 5. You may also consider running MySQL, or even all of Bugzilla in a chroot jail; however, instructions for doing that are beyond the scope of this document. _________________________________________________________________ 5.6.3. Daemon Accounts Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd and MySQL's mysqld default to running as either "root" or "nobody". Running as "root" introduces obvious security problems, but the problems introduced by running everything as "nobody" may not be so obvious. Basically, if you're running every daemon as "nobody" and one of them gets compromised, they all get compromised. For this reason it is recommended that you create a user account for each daemon. Note You will need to set the webservergroup to the group you created for your webserver to run as in localconfig. This will allow ./checksetup.pl to better adjust the file permissions on your Bugzilla install so as to not require making anything world-writable. _________________________________________________________________ 5.6.4. Web Server Access Controls There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory area that should not be accessable from the web. Because of the way Bugzilla is currently layed out, the list of what should and should not be accessible is rather complicated. A new installation method is currently in the works which should solve this by allowing files that shouldn't be accessible from the web to be placed in directory outside the webroot. See bug 44659 for more information. * In the main Bugzilla directory, you should: + Block: *.pl, *localconfig*, runtests.sh, processmail, syncshadowdb + But allow: localconfig.js, localconfig.rdf * In data: + Block everything + But allow: duplicates.rdf * In data/webdot: + If you use a remote webdot server: o Block everything o But allow *.dot only for the remote webdot server + Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz: o Block everything o But allow: *.png, *.gif, *.jpg, *.map + And if you don't use any dot: o Block everything * In Bugzilla: + Block everything * In template: + Block everything Tip Bugzilla ships with the ability to generate .htaccess files instructing Apache which files should and should not be accessible. You should test to make sure that the files mentioned above are not accessible from the Internet, especially your localconfig file which contains your database password. To test, simply point your web browser at the file; for example, to test mozilla.org's installation, we'd try to access http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/localconfig. You should get a 403 Forbidden error. Caution Not following the instructions in this section, including testing, may result in sensitive information being globally accessible. _________________________________________________________________ 5.7. Template Customisation One of the large changes for 2.16 was the templatisation of the entire user-facing UI, using the Template Toolkit. Administrators can now configure the look and feel of Bugzilla without having to edit Perl files or face the nightmare of massive merge conflicts when they upgrade to a newer version in the future. Templatisation also makes localised versions of Bugzilla possible, for the first time. In the future, a Bugzilla installation may have templates installed for multiple localisations, and select which ones to use based on the user's browser language setting. _________________________________________________________________ 5.7.1. Template Directory Structure The template directory structure starts with top level directory named template, which contains a directory for each installed localization. The next level defines the language used in the templates. Bugzilla comes with English templates, so the directory name is en, and we will discuss template/en throughout the documentation. Below template/en is the default directory, which contains all the standard templates shipped with Bugzilla. Warning A directory data/templates also exists; this is where Template Toolkit puts the compiled versions of the templates from either the default or custom directories. Do not directly edit the files in this directory, or all your changes will be lost the next time Template Toolkit recompiles the templates. _________________________________________________________________ 5.7.2. Choosing a Customization Method If you want to edit Bugzilla's templates, the first decision you must make is how you want to go about doing so. There are two choices, and which you use depends mainly on the scope of your modifications, and the method you plan to use to upgrade Bugzilla. The first method of making customizations is to directly edit the templates found in template/en/default. This is probably the best way to go about it if you are going to be upgrading Bugzilla through CVS, because if you then execute a cvs update, any changes you have made will be merged automagically with the updated versions. Note If you use this method, and CVS conflicts occur during an update, the conflicted templates (and possibly other parts of your installation) will not work until they are resolved. The second method is to copy the templates to be modified into a mirrored directory structure under template/en/custom. Templates in this directory structure automatically override any identically-named and identically-located templates in the default directory. Note The custom directory does not exist at first and must be created if you want to use it. The second method of customization should be used if you use the overwriting method of upgrade, because otherwise your changes will be lost. This method may also be better if you are using the CVS method of upgrading and are going to make major changes, because it is guaranteed that the contents of this directory will not be touched during an upgrade, and you can then decide whether to continue using your own templates, or make the effort to merge your changes into the new versions by hand. Using this method, your installation may break if incompatible changes are made to the template interface. Such changes should be documented in the release notes, provided you are using a stable release of Bugzilla. If you use using unstable code, you will need to deal with this one yourself, although if possible the changes will be mentioned before they occur in the deprecations section of the previous stable release's release notes. Note Regardless of which method you choose, it is recommended that you run ./checksetup.pl after creating or editing any templates in the template/en/default directory, and after editing any templates in the custom directory. Warning It is required that you run ./checksetup.pl after creating a new template in the custom directory. Failure to do so will raise an incomprehensible error message. _________________________________________________________________ 5.7.3. How To Edit Templates Note If you are making template changes that you intend on submitting back for inclusion in standard Bugzilla, you should read the relevant sections of the Developers' Guide. The syntax of the Template Toolkit language is beyond the scope of this guide. It's reasonably easy to pick up by looking at the current templates; or, you can read the manual, available on the Template Toolkit home page. One thing you should take particular care about is the need to properly HTML filter data that has been passed into the template. This means that if the data can possibly contain special HTML characters such as <, and the data was not intended to be HTML, they need to be converted to entity form, ie <. You use the 'html' filter in the Template Toolkit to do this. If you forget, you may open up your installation to cross-site scripting attacks. Also note that Bugzilla adds a few filters of its own, that are not in standard Template Toolkit. In particular, the 'url_quote' filter can convert characters that are illegal or have special meaning in URLs, such as &, to the encoded form, ie %26. This actually encodes most characters (but not the common ones such as letters and numbers and so on), including the HTML-special characters, so there's never a need to HTML filter afterwards. Editing templates is a good way of doing a "poor man's custom fields". For example, if you don't use the Status Whiteboard, but want to have a free-form text entry box for "Build Identifier", then you can just edit the templates to change the field labels. It's still be called status_whiteboard internally, but your users don't need to know that. _________________________________________________________________ 5.7.4. Template Formats Some CGIs have the ability to use more than one template. For example, buglist.cgi can output itself as RDF, or as two formats of HTML (complex and simple). If you would like to retrieve a certain format, you can use the &format= (such as simple or complex) in the URL. (Try this out by appending &format=simple to a buglist.cgi URL on your Bugzilla installation.) The mechanism that provides this feature is extensible. To see if a CGI supports multiple output formats, grep the CGI for "ValidateOutputFormat". If it's not present, adding multiple format support isn't too hard; see how it's done in other CGIs. To make a new format template for a CGI which supports this, open a current template for that CGI and take note of the INTERFACE comment (if present.) This comment defines what variables are passed into this template. If there isn't one, I'm afraid you'll have to read the template and the code to find out what information you get. Write your template in whatever markup or text style is appropriate. You now need to decide what content type you want your template served as. Open up the localconfig file and find the $contenttypes variable. If your content type is not there, add it. Remember the three- or four-letter tag assigned to your content type. This tag will be part of the template filename. Save the template as -..tmpl. Try out the template by calling the CGI as .cgi?format= . _________________________________________________________________ 5.7.5. Particular Templates There are a few templates you may be particularly interested in customising for your installation. index.html.tmpl: This is the Bugzilla front page. global/header.html.tmpl: This defines the header that goes on all Bugzilla pages. The header includes the banner, which is what appears to users and is probably what you want to edit instead. However the header also includes the HTML HEAD section, so you could for example add a stylesheet or META tag by editing the header. global/banner.html.tmpl: This contains the "banner", the part of the header that appears at the top of all Bugzilla pages. The default banner is reasonably barren, so you'll probably want to customise this to give your installation a distinctive look and feel. It is recommended you preserve the Bugzilla version number in some form so the version you are running can be determined, and users know what docs to read. global/footer.html.tmpl: This defines the footer that goes on all Bugzilla pages. Editing this is another way to quickly get a distinctive look and feel for your Bugzilla installation. list/table.html.tmpl: This template controls the appearance of the bug lists created by Bugzilla. Editing this template allows per-column control of the width and title of a column, the maximum display length of each entry, and the wrap behaviour of long entries. For long bug lists, Bugzilla inserts a 'break' every 100 bugs by default; this behaviour is also controlled by this t